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🎓 College profile

Princeton University

NJ · Private nonprofit · Small city · 39,644 applicants 2023

R1 Research
4% admit rate SAT 1500–1580 $36,094/yr at $110k+ income

🧭 A parent's read

  • The major moves the money more than the admit letter. Computer Science grads from here earn about $217,973 four years out; english language and literature grads about $61,323 — a 3.6× spread on the same diploma. Have the major conversation before you deposit, not after.
  • Built for the AI economy. About 1 in 8 degrees here is already in AI, computer science, or data fields; its AI research output ranks #30 among US universities. This campus is leaning into the shift, not waiting for it.
  • Kids finish — on time. 98% graduate in four years. Nationally, barely half do — and a fifth year elsewhere quietly adds $30–70k to the real price. On-time completion is the most underrated ROI number in this decision.
  • The campus itself adds earnings power. Opportunity Insights tracks it: only about 2% of students arrive from the bottom income fifth, but those who do reach the top fifth by their 30s at a 66% rate — a strong sign the outcomes here are the campus, not just the intake.
  • Your price depends enormously on your income — and on qualifying at all. Above $110k income, aid-receiving families still average about $36,094/yr here — and many higher-income families receive no aid at all. Lower brackets pay far less (~$1,217 at $48–75k), which is why the college's own net-price calculator — not any bracket average — is your number.

Composed from this page's data — every claim is backed by a number in the sections below.

Get your child's odds at Princeton University Free Family Decision Report — Reach / Match / Likely + your real net price. Princeton University starts already on the list. Start →

🎯 Parent/student verdict

Reach

Highly selective reach for nearly every applicant. Heavy discounting — aid recipients average ~$6,128/yr net; strong students should also check the merit grid.

✅ Best for

  • Strong academic profiles — admitted students cluster in the top test and GPA tiers (bands above)
  • Students drawn to Social Sciences or Engineering (the two biggest majors)
  • Research-oriented students (R1 — top tier of federal research funding)

🎯 The reality

  • Bottom-quartile academic profile if: SAT below 1500, or ACT below 34, or unweighted GPA below 3.75 (admitted-class quartiles per the school's own data)
  • With selective universities, build a balanced college list of Reaches, Targets, and Safeties ⓘ

Verdict is composed from this college's structured data (admit rate, SAT bands, net price by income, Carnegie classification, scholarship grids) using transparent rule thresholds — not a chat-bot's opinion.

🏛️ Institutional snapshot

What kind of college is this?

Carnegie classification
R1: Doctoral - Very High Research Activity
Total enrollment
5,709
5,000 - 9,999
TuitionThe published full price before any aid. Families who don't qualify for need-based aid — common above ~$110K income — pay this, minus any merit scholarships.
$62,688
flat rate (no in/out-of-state split)
Admit rateThe share of applicants a college accepts. Useful context, but your student's odds depend on their own grades and scores, not the average.
4.5%
Hyper-selective
SAT middle 50%The middle half of enrolled students scored in this range — a quarter scored BELOW the low end and still got in, and a quarter scored above the high end. Above the top number is a genuine strength; below the bottom isn't automatic rejection.
1500–1580
EBRW + Math composite
ACT middle 50%The middle half of enrolled students scored in this range — a quarter scored BELOW the low end and still got in, and a quarter scored above the high end. Above the top number is a genuine strength; below the bottom isn't automatic rejection.
34–35
composite
Test policy
Required
2023
10-yr earningsMedian yearly pay of former students ten years after they STARTED here — not ten years after graduating — all majors combined. The broadest single outcome number a college reports.
$110,066
median, after entry

Source: federal IPEDS Admissions 2023 for scores + admit rate; federal College Scorecard (20260606 vintage) for earnings + outcomes. SAT/ACT bands are the 25th–75th percentile of enrolled submitters.

🎓 High-school GPA

3.95 avg unweightedGPA on the plain 4.0 scale, no honors/AP bonus. When a college publishes an "average admitted GPA of 3.9," it's often this scale — don't compare it to a weighted 4.3. GPA, enrolled first-years

Enrolled first-years by GPA band: 4.00 72.9% · 3.75-3.99 23.3% · 3.50-3.74 2.7% · 3.25-3.49 0.7% · 3.00-3.24 0.3% · 2.50-2.99 0.1%

unweighted 4.0 scale. Princeton University Common Data Set 2024-2025, Section C11/C12 (enrolled first-year HS GPA) — accessed via secondary extractions (collegeadvisorhub.com, gradgpt.com, koppelmangroup.com) because the official ir.princeton.edu PDF was WAF-blocked (HTTP 403) to automated fetching ↗

As published by the college in its Common Data Set / admissions data (2024-25) (source linked above). GPA basis (weighted vs. unweighted vs. 4.0-scale) varies by college and is labeled above.

📊 Outcomes & cost

What graduates actually earn, finish, and owe.

Federal College Scorecard data. Earnings are median annual income measured years after entering. Debt is for federal-aid borrowers only (cash-pay students aren't counted).

Earnings, 6 yrs after entry
$87,815
Earnings, 10 yrs after entryMedian yearly pay of former students ten years after they STARTED here — not ten years after graduating — all majors combined. The broadest single outcome number a college reports.
$110,066
4-year completionThe share of students who finish a bachelor's in four years. Nationally barely half do — and a fifth year quietly adds a full extra year of cost to the real price.
98%
Median debt (completers)The federal-loan balance of the typical graduating borrower. Families who pay cash aren't counted, so read it as "among those who borrowed."
$10,320

💰 The real cost

What families at your income actually pay

Above $110K income — where most Reach families sit — aid-receiving families average $36,094/yr at Princeton University; families who don't qualify for aid pay the full ~$84,040/yr. Lower brackets pay less — the full ladder is below. One caveat, once: every bracket figure here averages only the families in that bracket who received aid — it says nothing about whether your family will qualify.

🔎 Earning over $110K? You're above the top federal bracket — the median family headed by a 45-to-54-year-old (the prime college-parent years) earned about $134K in 2024, and the federal data lumps everyone from $110K to $1M+ into one row.

Whether you'll get need aidGrant money based on your family's finances (via FAFSA and the college's own forms), not your student's stats. at this income is entirely college-specific: a few heavily-endowed schools meet full need well past $150K, while many others give little above the brackets shown — there, merit scholarships, where offered, become the realistic lever.

Start your Family Decision Report →

Your odds + estimated net price across your whole college list — then confirm the exact figure with Princeton University's own Net Price Calculator ↗ (10–15 min; have your tax return handy).

Family income $110k+ most Reach families
$36,094/yr
Family income $75-110k
$4,478/yr
Family income $48-75k
$1,217/yr
Family income $30-48k
$352/yr
Family income $0-30k
$41/yr

📈 The payoffTen years of typical earnings divided by four years of cost. A 3× means a decade of median pay covers the cost three times over — check both the full-price and with-aid versions to see which applies to you., both ways

3.3× at full price 44.9× with aid
Full price, no aidThe all-in yearly price — tuition, housing, food, books, fees — before any aid. This is the real "full price," not just the tuition line. (4 yrs)
$336,160
~$84,040/yr all-in
Aid recipients pay (4 yrs)
$24,512
$6,128/yr average
10-yr earnings total
$1,100,660
$110,066/yr median, 10 yrs out
Years to recoup the cost
3.1 yrs
at full price (0.2 with aid), at the median earnings rate

Source: College Scorecard (NPT41–NPT45; Title IV first-time, full-time undergraduates; suppressed brackets = small cohorts; the $110K+ ceiling is a federal data limitation — the brackets haven't been refreshed since the early 2010s). Payoff multiple = (10-yr median earnings × 10) ÷ (4-yr cost); full price is the published cost of attendance; earnings are 10 years after enrollment, all majors combined.

📚 What students study here

Most popular majors at Princeton University

Top 5 fields of study by bachelor's degrees awarded (most recent IPEDS Completions). Use this to see what Princeton University actually graduates — not just what it markets.

1. Social Sciences
253 degrees · 28.3%
Economics + poli sci sub-disciplines pay much more than sociology + anthropology.
2. Engineering
211 degrees · 23.6%
Engineering majors land high-paying technical roles. Top-earning sub-disciplines: petroleum, chemical, computer engineering.
3. Computer & Information Sciences
201 degrees · 22.5%
High-paying tech roles dominate. Median software roles cluster in the $90k-$130k range.
4. Biological & Biomedical Sciences
115 degrees · 12.9%
Many bio majors → med school / grad school. Direct-employment bio roles are lower-paid than that pipeline.
5. Public Administration & Social Services
114 degrees · 12.8%
Government, nonprofit, social work. Mission-driven; lower wages than private sector but stable.

💼 What those majors earn here

Median earnings 4 years after entry, by major — Princeton University's own graduates, not national averages.

Major (CIP) Credential Cohort 1-yr earnings 4-yr earnings
Computer Science. Bachelor's Degree 172 $146,624 $217,973
Computer Engineering. Bachelor's Degree — — $214,274
Economics. Bachelor's Degree 122 $103,041 $160,763
Mechanical Engineering. Bachelor's Degree 53 $85,328 $115,927
Public Policy Analysis. Bachelor's Degree 120 $73,630 $107,792
Political Science and Government. Bachelor's Degree 48 $63,317 $88,576
History. Bachelor's Degree 68 $45,363 $80,347
Research and Experimental Psychology. Bachelor's Degree 36 $47,050 $63,216
Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, and Population Biology. Bachelor's Degree 37 $53,038 $62,344
English Language and Literature, General. Bachelor's Degree 40 $35,178 $61,323

Sources: IPEDS Completions (C2023_a; bachelor's-level first majors, 2-digit CIP family — share is of the top 5 only) · College Scorecard program-level outcomes (PP-FOS). Full college-vs-major comparison: /college-outcomes →

📈 Student body & economic mobility

Who attends here — and what the campus adds.

Opportunity Insights data. Why it matters even if you're full-pay: a high mobility rate means the campus itself confers earnings power — the outcomes aren't just selection effects.

Top-1% access
20.1%
from top-1% households
Mobility rateThe share of ALL students who arrived from the bottom 20% of family incomes AND reached the top 20% themselves by their early 30s — access and lift in one number, and a sign the campus itself adds earnings power.
1.4%
bottom 20% → top 20% by age 32
Upward rate
65.9%
of lower-income students who reach the top 20%
Pell recipientsStudents receiving federal Pell grants, which go to lower- and middle-income families — the standard shorthand for a college's economic mix.
19%
on federal need grants — context for these numbers

Full leaderboards: /college-mobility →

Alternatives to Princeton University

Matched not just by selectivity, but by strategic goal — what a family actually decides on.

🏆 Better merit-aid options
These similar-selectivity schools publish merit scholarships your family can plan around — your kid’s stats could unlock real scholarship dollars.
University of Chicago
IL · Private nonprofit
1 stats-based + 1 competitive scholarships
Ohio State University-Main Campus
OH · Public
1 stats-based merit scholarship
University of Southern California
CA · Private nonprofit
5 competitive merit scholarships
💰 Lower full price
Similar selectivity, but a meaningfully lower full sticker price — the comparison that matters most for families who won't qualify for much need-based aid.
University of Florida
FL · Public
$22,523/yr full price (in-state) · $61,517 less before aid
Brigham Young University
UT · Private nonprofit
$22,690/yr full price · $61,350 less before aid
University of Missouri-Kansas City
MO · Public
$25,320/yr full price (in-state) · $58,720 less before aid
🛡️ Safer in-state options
Same state and similar selectivity, but with a more forgiving admit rate — useful safety / match anchors.
Rutgers University-New Brunswick
NJ · Public
65% admit rate (vs 4% here)
🚀 Stronger campus value-add
Per Opportunity Insights, these campuses add more earnings power to the students they enroll than Princeton University does — a quality signal, not a cost play.
Stony Brook University
NY · Public
8.4% mobility rate (vs 1.4% here)
Binghamton University
NY · Public
5.1% mobility rate (vs 1.4% here)
Stevens Institute of Technology
NJ · Private nonprofit
4.3% mobility rate (vs 1.4% here)

⚖️ Or compare any college side-by-side

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